ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: In Saudi Arabia, it is widely believed that women with reproductive problems can use the extract of the sage plant as a tea drink. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of this herb on the fertility of female rats and embryo implantation. Forty-eight Wistar virgin female rats were divided into four groups at random, with 12 rats in each group. The control group received distilled water orally. The three treatment groups received different concentrations of sage extract: 15, 60, or 100 mg/kg for 14 days before mating, then mated with a male and sacrificed on the 7th day of gestation, the uterine horns removed, and photographed. The total body weight of mothers, weight of uteri and ovaries and number of fetuses were determined. Ovarian and uteri tissues were cut into 5 µ sections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Serum FSH, LH were determined by the ELISA method. The present study showed that low dose of sage (15 mg/kg) have no effects on serum concentration levels of FSH and LH hormones, also has no effect on the number of growing follicles. The present study showed a significant differences (P≤0.05) in body weight, ovary and uterus weight in the groups treated with high doses of Salvia officinalis as compared to control group. Also a significant differences (P≤0.05) found in FSH, LH hormones. Histological study showed overall histomorphological structural configurations including growing and matured graafian follicular countable changes, besides a number of corpora lutea and regressed follicles in the treated groups with high doses of Salvia officinalis as compared to control group. The researchers concluded that the extract of the sage plant with high doses can stimulate the growth graafian follicles and improve fertility in female rats.
RESUMEN: En Arabia Saudita, se cree ampliamente que las mujeres con problemas reproductivos pueden usar el extracto de la planta de salvia como bebida de té. Este estudio se realizó para investigar los efectos de esta hierba sobre la fertilidad de las ratas hembra y la implantación del embrión. Se dividieron cuarenta y ocho ratas hembra vírgenes Wistar en cuatro grupos al azar, con 12 ratas en cada grupo. El grupo control recibió agua destilada por vía oral. Los tres grupos de tratamiento recibieron diferentes concentraciones de extracto de salvia: 15, 60 o 100 mg/kg durante 14 días antes del apareamiento, luego se aparearon con un macho y se sacrificaron el día 7 de gestación, se extrajeron los cuernos uterinos y se fotografiaron. Se determinó el peso corporal total de las madres, el peso del útero y los ovarios y el número de fetos. Los tejidos ováricos y uterinos se cortaron en secciones de 5 µ y se tiñeron con hematoxilina y eosina. FSH sérica, LH se determinaron por el método ELISA. El presente estudio mostró que dosis bajas de salvia (15 mg/kg) no tienen efectos sobre los niveles de concentración sérica de las hormonas FSH y LH, tampoco tienen efecto sobre el número de folículos en crecimiento. El presente estudio mostró diferencias significativas (P≤0,05) en el peso corporal, peso de ovario y útero en los grupos tratados con altas dosis de Salvia officinalis en comparación con el grupo control. También se encontraron diferencias significativas (P≤0,05) en las hormonas FSH, LH. El estudio histológico mostró configuraciones estructurales histomorfológicas generales que incluyen cambios contables en los folículos maduros (de Graaf) y en crecimiento, además de una cantidad de cuerpos lúteos y folículos en regresión en los grupos tratados con altas dosis de Salvia officinalis en comparación con el grupo de control. Los investigadores concluyeron que el extracto de la planta de salvia en altas dosis puede estimular el crecimiento de los folículos maduros y mejorar la fertilidad en ratas hembra.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Embryo Implantation/drug effects , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Salvia officinalis/chemistry , Fertility/drug effects , Body Weight , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Luteinizing Hormone/analysis , Administration, Oral , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/analysisABSTRACT
The neurotoxicity of Aluminum has been discovered in several experiments. It is a neurotoxic element involved inthe etiology of some neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate theneuroprotective effect of Salvia officinalis aqueous leaf extract (SAE) on the behavioral, histological, andbiochemical alterations caused by Aluminum chloride in female Wistar rats. Chronic aluminum chloride (AlCl3)exposure developed behavioral deficits by decreasing locomotor activity and caused a significant reduction ofspontaneous alternation. Besides, AlCl3 exposure showed a significant decrease in Acetylcholinesterase activity(-54.49%), Catalase activity (-42.48%), and a significant increase in the mean concentration of Malondialdehyde(MDA) compared to control group. Histological alterations were observed in the brain of aluminum chlorideexposed group, which explains the neurodegenerative effect of aluminum on rat brain histology. SAE treatmentimproved behavioral and histological changes in AlCl3-induced rats, attenuated biochemical alteration byrecording an increase in Acetylcholinesterase activity at 73.68% and enhanced catalase activity by 62.7%, aswell as a decrease in the MDA level of -86.81% compared to the AlCl3 group. The current study demonstratesthat Salvia officinalis can be administered as a food additive to protect against the neurotoxicity of AlCl3 and toameliorate behavioral and oxidative status.
ABSTRACT
Aims: To evaluate the effect of surface coating with natural plant oils (Salvia officinalis, ginger and eucalyptus) on Candida growth and the hardness of Vertex denture lining material. Materials and method: Forty five specimens were prepared from soft acrylic lining material, twenty five of which were 10x10x2mm in size for testing antifungal activity, and twenty samples were 20mm in diameter and 12mm in thickness, for testing shore A hardness after coating samples with three types of natural oils (Salvia officinalis, ginger and eucalyptus oils). Significant differences among the groups at (p≤0.05) level of significance were determined statistically with one way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test Result: Antifungal assay showed a significant difference between five groups regarding Candida albicans growth (p≤ 0.05). For the hardness test, comparing different times of storage in water (1, 7, 14, 30 days) revealed a significant difference within all groups (p≤0. 05). While comparing the groups coated with natural oils with the control group, significant differences were found between different times of storage in water (1, 7, 30 day) (p≤0.05), except at 14 days of water storage there was no significant difference between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: All tested natural oils were effective as fungicidal agents and increased the softness and duration of soft acrylic lining material.
Subject(s)
Humans , Denture, Overlay/microbiology , Antifungal Agents/analysis , Candida albicans , Salvia officinalis/immunology , Eucalyptus OilABSTRACT
The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains to antibiotics has motivated the search for new substances with antimicrobial activity, especially those derived from medicinal plants. Salvia officinalis L. is a medicinal plant that arouses scientific interest due to being associated with multiple therapeutic effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial potential of S. officinalis L. against pathogens in the oral cavity. The antimicrobial potential of the ethanol extract of leaf of S. officinalis L was evaluated by broth microdilution, with determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal/Fungicide concentration (MBC / MFC), against the species Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida guillermond, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. The extract showed moderate antifungal potential before Candida species (MIC = 1 mg/mL). And for the species of Streptococcus, the antimicrobial activity was from moderate to strong whose MIC ranged from 0.25 to 1 mg/mL. In this study, the extract from the leaves of S. officinalis L. presented oral cavity antimicrobial activity against pathogens. These results point to S. officinalis as a possible source of active ingredients in the development of formulations with antimicrobial activity of dental use. (AU).
O surgimento de cepas multirresistentes a antibióticos tem motivado a busca de novas substâncias com atividade antimicrobiana, especialmente aquelas oriundas de plantas medicinais. A Salvia officinalis L. é uma planta medicinal que desperta interesse científico por estar associada a múltiplos efeitos terapêuticos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano in vitro da S. officinalis L. frente a patógenos da cavidade bucal. O potencial antimicrobiano do extrato etanólico da folha da S. officinalis L foi avaliado por meio da microdiluição em caldo, com determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida/Fungicida Mínima (CBM/CFM), frente as espécies Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida guillermond, Candida krusei e Candida tropicalis. O extrato apresentou moderado potencial antifúngico frente às espécies de Candida (CIM = 1 mg/mL). Para as espécies de Streptococcus, o potencial antimicrobiano foi considerado forte a moderado, com valores de CIM variando entre 0,25 a 1 mg/mL. Neste estudo, o extrato da folha de S. officinalis L. apresentou potencial antimicrobiano contra patógenos da cavidade bucal. Esses resultados apontam a S. officinalis como uma possível fonte de princípios ativos no desenvolvimento de formulações com atividade antimicrobiana de uso odontológico. (AU).
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the in vitro antiproliferative action of essential oil from Salvia officinalis L. (S. officinalis) grown in Sicily (Italy), and its main components on hormone-dependent cancer cell lines. Methods: S. officinalis essential oil was prepared by hydrodistillation. The actions of the S. officinalis essential oil and its three principal components ( -thujone, 1,8-cineole and camphor) were evaluated in LNCaP cells (prostate carcinoma), MCF7 cells (breast carcinoma) and HeLa cells (cervical carcinoma) at various dosages and diverse time points. Cell viability and proliferation were estimated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results: S. officinalis essential oil at doses of 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL induced a significant reduction of cell viability in MCF7, LNCaP and HeLa cell lines after a 48-hour incubation. The same cell lines also showed decreased cell viability when they were treated with a mixture of three major components of the essential oil, at doses of 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL, after a 48-hour incubation. Conclusions: These preliminary results could shed light on the formulation of new therapeutic agents with antiproliferative activity. Thus supplementary investigations are fundamental to examine the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of this species of Salvia in cancer cells and to achieve confirmation of its in vivo anticancer activity.
ABSTRACT
Objective:Comprehensive assessment of the chemical composition of sage leaves (Salvia officinalisL.)in order to highlight constituents relevant to the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer potentials, in addition to determining safe dose to facilitate its application in functional foodsand dairy products. Methods:High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine constituents such as amino acids, fatty acids and phenolic compounds content. Antioxidant activity was characterized using, ?-diphenyl-?-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power methods. The antimicrobial potentials were examinedagainst nine pathogenic strains. MDA-MB-231 cell line was used to assess anticancer activity. Results:Sage was found to be a good source of calcium, iron andzinc (894.3, 84and 5.5 mg/100g respectively) and vitamins B6 and B12(1.5 and 0.3 mg/100g respectively). PerformedHPLC analysis indicated the rich content of essential amino acids, lysine, phenylalanine andleucine (10.4, 0.7 and 0.45 g/100g),unsaturated fatty acids, Omega 3, 6 and 9(6.46, 4.40 and 3.13g/100g) and phenolic compounds, quercetin and cinnamic (604.8 and 390.4 ?g/mL),which interpreted its high antioxidant powers. Sage revealed antioxidantpotentials with IC50and EC50 reached(27.5 and 239.5 mg/mL respectively), and antimicrobial effect against the examined pathogenic strains with MICs reached 6.25 mm against Staph.aureus, E. coliand Candida albicans, not to mention its anticancer effect as an extra pharmacological feature, when sage performed an anti-proliferative activity with IC50of 300 ?g/mL, against MDA-MB-231 cell line.Conclusion:Obtained results emphasis the sage leaves content of variable nutrients and active compounds that reflected on its vast nutritional and pharmacological potentials such as; antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect against breast MDA-MB-231 cell line, that could nominate it as applicable food bio-preservativein functional foods and dairy products
ABSTRACT
RESUMO As úlceras pépticas são decorrentes de um desequilíbrio entre os agentes agressores endógenos, exógenos e agentes protetores. Neste estudo avaliou-se a atividade antiulcerogênica in vivo para o extrato aquoso de Salviaofficinalis (EAS). Após os tratamentos (n = 6; v.o) com o controle (C) água; pantoprazol (30 mg/kg) e EAS (100, 250 e 400 mg/kg, respectivamente) os ratos receberam uma solução de HCl 0,3 M em etanol 60% (v.o) e realizaram-se avaliações morfológicas dos estômagos por meio de uma tabela de escores de lesão (ANOVA; one way e Tukey). EAS (400 mg/kg) apresentou atividade antiulcerogênica (31,47%) semelhante ao pantoprazol (33,83%) em comparação (p<0,0001) com o grupo C. A análise fitoquímica por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência revelou uma elevada concentração de ácido rosmarínico (3,53%) para EAS. Os flavonoides (0,25%) e os fenóis totais (309,0 EAG) foram quantificados por espectrofotometria de UV/Vis. EAS e ácido rosmarínico apresentaram elevadas atividades antioxidantes por DPPH (Concentração Efetiva 50%-CE50 9,2 e 0,7 mg/mL, respectivamente) justificando pelo menos em parte, o efeito antiulcerogênico do extrato.
ABSTRACT Peptic ulcers are caused by an unbalance among endogenous, exogenous damaging agents and protective agents. In this study we evaluated the in vivo antiulcerogenic activity for the aqueous extract of Salvia officinalis (EAS). After treatments (n = 6; v.o) with control (C) water; pantoprazole (30 mg/kg) and EAS (100, 250 and 400 mg/kg, respectively) the rats received a 0.3 M HCl solution in ethanol 60% (v.o) and it were performed morphological evaluations of the stomachs through the use of a table of injury scores (ANOVA, one way and Tukey). The EAS (400 mg/kg) showed an antiulcerogenic activity (32.53%). Similar to the pantoprazole (29.91%), in comparison with (p<0.0001) the group C. The phytochemical analysis through high performance liquid chromatography revealed high acid rosmarinic (3.53%) for the EAS. The flavonoids (0.25%) and the total phenolics (GAE 309.0) were quantified by spectrophotometry UV/Vis. The EAS and the rosmarinic acid exhibited elevated antioxidant activities by DPPH (Effective Concentration 50% -EC50 9.2 and 0.7 mg/mL, respectively,) at least partially explaining the antiulcerogenic effect of the extract.
Subject(s)
Ulcer/complications , Plant Extracts/analysis , Salvia/metabolism , Polyphenols/pharmacokinetics , Antioxidants/classificationABSTRACT
AIM@#The anti-leishmanial activity of methanolic extracts of Calendula officinalis flowers, Datura stramonium seeds, and Salvia officinalis leaves against extracellular (promastigote) and intracellular (amastigote) forms of Leishmania major were evaluated in this study.@*METHOD@#In the first stage, promastigote forms of L. major, were treated with different doses of the plant extracts in a 96-well tissue-culture microplate and IC50 values for each extract were measured with colorimetric MTT assay. In the second stage, macrophage cells were infected with L. major promastigotes. Infected macrophages were treated with plant extracts. Then the macrophages were stained with Gimsa and the number of infected macrophages and amastigotes were counted with a light microscope.@*RESULTS@#The results indicated that the plant extracts inhibited the growth of promastigotes and amastigotes of L. major. Inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for promastigote assay were 108.19, 155.15, and 184.32 μgmL(-1) for C. officinalis flowers, D. stramonium seeds and S. officinalis, respectively. The extracts also reduced the number of amastigotes in macrophage cells from 264 for control group to 88, 97, and 102 for test groups. Although the anti-leishmanial activity of the extracts were not comparable with the standard drug, miltefosine; but they showed significant efficiency in reducing the number of amastigotes in macrophages, in comparison with the control group (P < 0.001). These plant extracts had lower toxicity compared with miltefosine.@*CONCLUSION@#This study demonstrates the potential efficacy of the methanolic extracts of C. officinalis flowers, D. stramonium seeds, and S. officinalis leaves to control of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Subject(s)
Antiparasitic Agents , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Calendula , Cell Line , Datura stramonium , Flowers , In Vitro Techniques , Leishmania major , Leishmaniasis , Drug Therapy , Parasitology , Macrophages , Parasitology , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Plant Leaves , Salvia officinalis , SeedsABSTRACT
In this paper we screened the dichloromethane extract from the aerial parts of Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae, against a representative panel of microorganisms that cause caries, conducted a bioassay-guided fractionation to establish themselves the most active metabolite (manool) and determined the Salvia officinalis fraction with the manool highest concentration to be used to activate an ingredient in oral care products such as toothpastes and mouthwashes. Both manool and S. officinalis extract showed very promising minimal inhibitory concentration values (between 6.24 and 31.36 µg.ml-1) and time kill curves against the primary causative agents of dental caries (Streptococcus mutans) revealed that, at twice its minimal bactericidal concentration (12.48 µg.ml-1), manool required 6 h to completely kill the bacteria. Salvia officinalis extract at twice its minimal bactericidal concentration (31.36 µg.ml-1 ) needed 12 h. The results achieved with Salvia officinalis extract motivated us to develop and validate an analytical RP-HPLC method to detect and determine manool in this extract. The validation parameters were satisfactorily met and evaluated allows us to consider the developed method suitable for use in different labs. In conclusion, our results evidenced that the manool-rich S. officinalis extract can be considered an analytically validated alternative to develop novel and effective antimicrobial agents against the main bacteria responsible for dental caries.
ABSTRACT
Objetivou-se avaliar a conservação de morangos com revestimentos à base de goma xantana e, ou, óleo essencial de sálvia. Os morangos foram minimamente processados, submetidos aos revestimentos, secos sob ventilação, embalados em bandejas de polietileno tereftalato e armazenados a 4 ºC durante 12 dias. Foram realizadas análises de deterioração fúngica, perda de massa, firmeza, cor, pH e sólidos solúveis totais, e ao final do armazenamento, contagem de fungos e leveduras. Independente do revestimento houve redução da perda de massa dos morangos ao longo da estocagem refrigerada. Entretanto, os revestimentos à base de goma xantana indicaram ser mais eficientes, por proporcionarem maior firmeza dos frutos, sendo que aquele contendo goma xantana e óleo essencial de sálvia foi o que proporcionou a menor incidência de fungos. De um modo geral, o emprego dos revestimentos não influenciou na coloração e no pH dos frutos de morangos.
The objective was to evaluate the conservation of strawberries with coatings based on xanthan gum and, or, sage essential oil. The strawberries were minimally processed, added with coatings, dried under ventilation, packaged in trays of polyethylene terephthalate and stored at 4 °C for 12 days. Analyses of fungal decay, weight loss, firmness, color, soluble solids and pH were carried out, and at the end of storage, fungi and yeasts count as well. Regardless of the coating, mass loss of strawberries was reduced during the refrigerated storage period. However, the coatings based on xanthan gum indicated to be more efficient, by providing greater fruit firmness, while those containing xanthan gum and sage essential oil were the ones which provided the lowest incidence of fungi. In general, the coatings did not affect the color and pH of the strawberries.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile , Salvia officinalis , Fragaria , Food Preservation , FungiABSTRACT
The objective of this paper was to evaluate the antiulcer activity of a crude ethanol extract of Salvia officinalis L. in a gastric lesion induction model. Male Wistars rats were housed in groups of five and fasted 12 hours before the experiment, receiving only water ad libitum. The experimental groups received oral doses of 50, 75, 100 and 150 μg/kg of the extract and the negative and positive control groups received distilled water and omeprazol (30mg/kg), respectively. One hour after each respective oral dose, the ulcer was induced with absolute ethanol. a further hour after induction, the animals were euthanized by CO2 camera, the stomachs removed and opened along the greater curvature. Data was statistically analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey method (p<0.05). The groups treated with Salvia officinalis L. extract at doses of 100 and 150 μg/kg showed significant changes in the four parameters evaluated. By reducing the total lesion area, a significant increase in the cure ratio was observed, suggesting a gastroprotective effect of the extract. This data demonstrates the potential use of Salvia officinalis L. extract for effective treatment of injuries caused by absolute ethanol.
ABSTRACT
Melanin is a photoprotective skin pigment, and pathologies characterized by hypo or hyperpigmentation are common. New compounds that regulate melanogenesis are, therefore, opportune, and many natural products with this property, as polyphenols, have been described. Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae, is a widely used food spice that contains high amounts of phenol derivates, including rosmarinic acid. The aim of this work was to evaluate the contribution of rosmarinic acid in the melanogenic activity of sage extracts. Fluid and aqueous extracts of sage and purified rosmarinic acid were assayed for B16F10 cytotoxicity and, then, evaluated on melanin production and tyrosinase activity. While sage extracts showed a concentration-dependent ability to significantly increase melanin production without necessarily changing the enzymatic activity, rosmarinic acid showed a dual behavior on melanogenesis, increasing melanin biosynthesis and tyrosinase activity at low concentrations and decreasing it at higher levels. Rosmarinic acid may collaborate with sage extracts activity on melanogenesis, although other compounds may be involved. This is the first time that a dual action of rosmarinic acid on melanogenesis is reported, which may be useful in further studies for therapeutic formulations to treat skin pigmentation disorders.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the anticandidal activities of Salvia officinalis L. (S. officinalis) essential oil against Candida albicans (C. albicans) and the inhibitory effects on the adhesion of C. albicans to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin surface. Methods: Disc diffusion method was first used to test the anticandidal activities of the S. officinalis L. essential oil against the reference strain (ATCC 90028) and 2 clinical strains of C. albicans. Then the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal lethal concentration (MLC) were determined by modified membrane method. The adhesion of C. albicans to PMMA resin surface was assessed after immersion with S. officinalis L. essential oil at various concentrations of 1×MIC, 0.5×MIC and 0.25×MIC at room temperature for 30 min. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the Candida cell adhesion with the pretreatment agents and Tukey’s test was used for multiple comparisons. Results: S. officinalis L. essential oil exhibited anticandidal activity against all strains of C. albicans with inhibition zone ranging from 40.5 mm to 19.5 mm. The MIC and MLC of the oil were determined as 2.780 g/L against all test strains. According to the effects on C. albicans adhesion to PMMA resin surface, it was found that immersion in the essential oil at concentrations of 1×MIC (2.780 g/L), 0.5×MIC (1.390 g/L) and 0.25×MIC (0.695 g/L) for 30 min significantly reduced the adhesion of all 3 test strains to PMMA resin surface in a dose dependent manner (P<0.05). Conclusions: S. officinalis L. essential oil exhibited anticandidal activities against C. albicans and had inhibitory effects on the adhesion of the cells to PMMA resin surface. With further testing and development, S. officinalis essential oil may be used as an antifungal denture cleanser to prevent candidal adhesion and thus reduce the risk of candida-associated denture stomatitis.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the anticandidal activities of Salvia officinalis L. (S. officinalis) essential oil against Candida albicans (C. albicans) and the inhibitory effects on the adhesion of C. albicans to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin surface.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Disc diffusion method was first used to test the anticandidal activities of the S. officinalis L. essential oil against the reference strain (ATCC 90028) and 2 clinical strains of C. albicans. Then the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal lethal concentration (MLC) were determined by modified membrane method. The adhesion of C. albicans to PMMA resin surface was assessed after immersion with S. officinalis L. essential oil at various concentrations of 1×MIC, 0.5×MIC and 0.25×MIC at room temperature for 30 min. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the Candida cell adhesion with the pretreatment agents and Tukey's test was used for multiple comparisons.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>S. officinalis L. essential oil exhibited anticandidal activity against all strains of C. albicans with inhibition zone ranging from 40.5 mm to 19.5 mm. The MIC and MLC of the oil were determined as 2.780 g/L against all test strains. According to the effects on C. albicans adhesion to PMMA resin surface, it was found that immersion in the essential oil at concentrations of 1×MIC (2.780 g/L), 0.5×MIC (1.390 g/L) and 0.25×MIC (0.695 g/L) for 30 min significantly reduced the adhesion of all 3 test strains to PMMA resin surface in a dose dependent manner (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>S. officinalis L. essential oil exhibited anticandidal activities against C. albicans and had inhibitory effects on the adhesion of the cells to PMMA resin surface. With further testing and development, S. officinalis essential oil may be used as an antifungal denture cleanser to prevent candidal adhesion and thus reduce the risk of candida-associated denture stomatitis.</p>
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Candida albicans , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Oils, Volatile , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Salvia officinalis , ChemistryABSTRACT
Salvia officinalis (L.), or common sage, is an aromatic herb that has been used in medicine and cooking since ancient times and has been investigated for the treatment of various diseases, especially infections and skin inflammation. We conducted phytochemical prospecting and quality control with hydroalcoholic extracts of dried sage, to identify active compounds in the plant. The aim was to assess antibacterial and antifungal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Antimicrobial susceptibility was investigated in vitro by agar-overlay and well-diffusion techniques, in which disc and well were used. Salvia officinalis (L.) was not effective against Streptococcus agalactiae, Candida albicans or Candida tropicalis, but best results were observed for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Considering the results of the inhibition tests presented here, we suggest that cosmetic formulations containing Salvia officinalis (L.) could contribute to inhibitor of pathogens in the skin microbiota.
A Salvia officinalis (L.) é uma planta com uso difundido, utilizada no tratamento de diversas patologias, principalmente para infecções e inflamações cutâneas. Neste trabalho foi realizada prospecção fitoquímica e controle de qualidade com a planta seca e extrato hidroalcoólico para identificação dos compostos ativos da sálvia, tendo como finalidade comprovar sua atividade antibacteriana e antifúngica frente à Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae Candida albicans e Candida tropicalis. Os métodos de escolha para avaliação in vitro foram ensaios de sensibilidade antimicrobiana por difusão em ágar com discos e cilindros. Dentre os ensaios realizados a sálvia não se mostrou efetiva para Streptococcus agalactiae, Candida albicans e Candida tropicalis, sendo o melhor resultado obtido com Staphylococcus aureus, em que se pode verificar-se atividade antibacteriana. Diante dos resultados obtidos, propôs-se uma formulação de sabonete líquido com extrato hidroalcoólico de Salvia officinalis (L.), para atuar na higiene da pele.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Hydroalcoholic Solution , Phytotherapy , Salvia officinalis , Skin Care , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
Objetivos: Determinar a viabilidade celular frente ao efeito biológico do extrato hidroalcoólico de Salvia officinalis L. em culturas de células tumorais de laringe (Hep-2) e células de hepatoma humano (HepG2).Métodos: Células tumorais Hep-2 e HepG2 foram cultivadas em meio DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Médium)suplementado com 10% soro fetal bovino inativado e 1% de antibiótico (Penicilina/Estreptomicina) em estufa a 37°Ce atmosfera umidificada com 5% de CO2. Na segunda etapa foram semeadas (5×104 células/mL) em placas de 96 poçosdurante o período de 24 horas até obtenção de 60-70% de confluência e realizou-se o tratamento das células com extratohidroalcoólico de Salvia officinalis L., controle negativo de etanol 80% (v/v) e controles positivos de peróxido de hidrogênio(H2O2), tert-butil hidroperóxido (t-BOOH), doxorrubicina e cisplatina. A viabilidade celular foi determinada pela reduçãodo MTT (brometo de 3-(4,5 dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolio). Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste de Tukeyno programa SPSS v.19.Resultados: O extrato hidroalcoólico de Salvia officinalis L. mostrou atividade citotóxica para células tumorais Hep-2 IC500,38±0,02 mg/mL e para HepG2 IC50 0,54±0,03 mg/mL em comparação ao controle negativo, ficando acima do IC50 obtidopara seus controles positivos. A cisplatina apresentou IC50 abaixo do extrato de sálvia, porém para a obtenção do seu IC50aumentou-se o tempo de exposição em seis horas.Conclusões: Sugere-se que o extrato de Salvia officinalis L. tem atividade biológica em células tumorais, podendo serobjetivo de mais estudos com a finalidade de comprovar sua eficácia como possível agente para o tratamento do câncer.
Aims: To determine cell viability compared to the biological effect of Salvia officinalis L. extract on cultured tumor cells of the larynx (Hep-2) and in human hepatoma cells (HepG2). Methods: Tumor cells Hep-2 and HepG2 were grown in DMEM (Dulbeccos Modified Eagle Medium) supplemented with 10% inactivated fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics (Penicillin/Streptomycin), incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2. In the second step they were plated (5×104 cells/mL) in 96 well plates during 24 hours to obtain 60-70% confluency, and treated with the hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia officinalis L., negative control with 80% ethanol (v/v) and positive control of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH), doxorubicin and cisplatin. Cell viability was determined by MTT reduction (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). Results were analyzed by Tukey test using the SPSS v.19. Results: The hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia officinalis L. showed cytotoxic activity to tumor cells Hep-2 IC50 0,38±0.02 mg/mL for HepG2 IC50 0,54±0.03 mg/mL compared to negative control, staying above the IC50 obtained for their positive controls. Cisplatin showed IC50 below the extract of sage, but to obtain the IC50 exposure time was increased in six hours. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the extract of Salvia officinalis L. has biological activity against tumor cell; further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and its potential role in cancer treatment.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Salvia officinalis , Cell Survival , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
Nanoparticles derived from plants known for their high content of flavonoids provide a biologically inspired route to designing therapeutic agents and a means of reducing nanoparticle toxicity. Little is currently known on the antiviral activity of Salvia officinalis L. and Washingtonia filifera H.Wendl aqueous extracts and their corresponding nanoparticles. In the present study, antiviral activity of subset extracts obtained from aerial parts of Salvia officinalis L. and Washingtonia filifera H.Wendl and nanoparticles derived from these plants were investigated against coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). Different concentrations of extracts (7.8, 15.6, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) were tested for their cytotoxic effect and the antiviral activity was carried out using three non cytotoxic concentrations against CVB3 in Vero cells. The cell viability was carried out using tetrazolium dye (MTT). The experiment was carried out by incubating the extracts with either virus or cells prior to infection. The silver nanoparticles derived from the tested plant extracts enhance antiviral activity at non cytotoxic concentrations. The biosynthesized nanoparticles may be further characterized to better evaluate their antiviral potential against other viral pathogens.
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The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of four different light intensities on the growth characteristics, physiological parameters and leaf photosynthetic pigments of Salvia officinalis L. The plant's dry mass, number of the leaves and physiological parameters indicated a strong positive correlation with the light intensity. On the other hand, the plant's height and leaf photosynthetic pigments were increased at low light treated plants. These results suggest that the aromatic herb Salvia officinalis L. is adaptable to different light environments.
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Introducción: La gingivitis es el problema periodontal de mayor prevalencia en la población, por lo que deben buscarse más alternativas de tratamiento y prevención. Objetivo: Evaluar efecto del uso de Salvia officinalis en disminución del índice gingival modificado (IG) en alumnos de Odontología de la Universidad del Desarrollo diagnosticados con gingivitis, año 2010. Sujetos y Método: Fue realizado un estudio cuantitativo, ciego, experimental del tipo ensayo clínico controlado con placebo, sobre la acción de extracto de S. officinalis en dentífrico y colutorios para gingivitis inducida por placa bacteriana, en 33 alumnos de odontología de la Universidad del Desarrollo, Concepción; 13 mujeres y 20 hombres entre 21 y 29 años. Fueron divididos en tres grupos; placebo, colutorio y dentífrico. Luego del inicio del tratamiento fueron citados a los 7, 14 y 28 días, finalizando el tratamiento el día 14. Resultados: En el control no se encontró diferencias significativas (p=0.061) la primera semana, mientras que en los grupos con colutorio o dentífrico si hubo diferencias significativas (p=0.000 y p=0.002). La última semana al retirar el placebo, el IG se mantuvo, por otro lado en los grupos con S. officinalis no continuó el descenso. La disminución del IG fue mayor para los grupos colutorio y dentífrico que para el control. Discusión: El uso de S. officinalis es efectivo en la disminución del IG. El colutorio y dentífrico logran disminuir con mayor rapidez el IG. El colutorio logró la mayor disminución del IG.
Background: Gingivitis is the most prevalent periodontal problem in people, so we need to find new alternatives for treatment and prevention. Aim: To evaluate the effects of Salvia officinalis in the declining modified gingival index (GI) in dentistry students of the Universidad del Desarrollo diagnosed with gingivitis, year 2010. Subjects and Methods: This was a quantitative study, blinded, experimental type of placebo-controlled clinical trials on the action of extract of S. officinalis in toothpaste and mouthwash for plaque-induced gingivitis in 33 dental students from Universidad del Desarrollo, Concepción; 13 women and 20 men between 21 and 29 years old, were divided into three groups: placebo, mouthwash and toothpaste. After the first appointment we call the patients every 7, 14 and 28 days, we ended the treatment at day 14. Results: In the control group there was no significant difference (p=0.061) the first week, while groups with mouthwash and toothpaste, there were significant differences (p=0.00). The last week, as we remove the placebo, the GI was maintained. On the other hand, in groups with S. officinalis the drop did not continue. The decrease of GI was higher in groups with mouthwash and toothpaste than in the control group. Discussion: The use of S. officinalis is effective in reducing the GI. The mouthwash and toothpaste decrease more rapidly the IG. The mouthwash achieved the greatest reduction of IG.
Subject(s)
Female , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Gingivitis/drug therapy , Phytotherapy , Salvia officinalis/chemistry , Administration, Topical , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Mouthwashes , Periodontal Index , Time Factors , ToothpastesABSTRACT
Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk is small branched annual herbaceous plant with a long history of traditional medicines uses in many countries especially in tropical and subtropical regions. The herb has been known for its curative properties and has been utilized as antimytotoxic, analgesic, antibacterial, antihepatotoxic, antihaemorrhagic, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory properties and it is considered as a good rejuvenator too. A wide range of chemical compounds including coumestans, alkaloids, thiopenes, flavonoids, polyacetylenes, triterpenes and their glycosides have been isolated from this species. Extracts and metabolites from this plant have been known to possess pharmacological properties. The present study confirmed the antibacterial potential of aerial parts extracts of Eclipta alba in solvents like acetone, ethanol, methanol, aqueous and hexane against selected gram positive and gram negative bacterial species. The antibacterial studies were done by agar well diffusion methods. The MIC and MBC methods were also used. Hexane extract of showed Eclipta alba high antibacterial activity against S.aureus, B.cereus, E.coli, S.typhi, K.pneumoniae,S.pyogenes and P.aeruginosa. whereas acetone, ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts showed intermediate activity against S.aureus, B.cereus, E.coli, S.typhi, K.pneumoniae, P.aeruginosa, P.mirabilis and S.pyogenes. The inhibitory activities of all the extracts reported were compared with standard antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin 25 μg/ml). An MIC of 90.0μg/ml shown by E.coli and S.aureus was considered to be the best (below 100μg/ml), an MIC of 125.0μg/ml shown by E.coli, K.pneumoni, P.mirabilis and S.typhi was considered to be better (100-500μg/ml) as such by the action of acetone, ethanol, methanol and hexane extracts on test bacterial spp respectively MIC between (500-1000μg/ml) was considered to be good. The aqueous extracts of Eclipta alba showed good activity against S.pyogenes, B.cereus, E.coli and P.aeruginosa. If the dilution was above 1000μg/ml the extract were considered inactive against S.aureus, K.pneumoniae, P.mirabilis and S.typhi. MBC results were similar to MIC results but in the case of MBC the confirmation was made by absence of growth in culture plates after 24 hrs of incubation at 37ºC. A potent antibacterial and hepatoprotective drug could probably be formulated from the plant extract of Eclipta alba to combat the effects of bacterial and hepatotoxic infections.